What is Arduino? Complete with IDE Software 2020

    Hello guys, this time we will discuss about Arduino? For those who don't know, you can just check the discussion below.

 

WHAT's ARDUINO ?

    

    Arduino is a single-board micro controller which is open-source, originating from the Wiring platform, and designed to facilitate the use of electronics in various fields. The hardware has the Atmel AVR processor and the software has its own programming language. Arduino is currently very popular throughout the world. Many beginners learn to know robotics and electronics through Arduino because it's easy to learn. But not only beginners, hobbyists or professionals also like to develop electronic applications using Arduino. The language used in Arduino is not a relatively difficult assembler, but the C language is simplified with the help of Arduino libraries. Arduino also has its own software, Arduino IDE, you can also download this software for free at here

 

THE STRENGTHS OF ARDUINO

The strengths of Arduino which we will discuss here, include:

1. Open Source

     Arduino software and hardware are open source so that we will be able to make replicas, boards and clones that are compatible without buying an original board.

2. No Need for Chip Programming

     The chip in Arduino has a bootloader that will be able to handle the upload process from a computer. The existence of a bootloader will make us no longer need a programmer chip except if you want to embed the bootloader in an empty chip.

3. USB connection

     The connection from the Arduino board to a computer can use USB and does not require a parallel port or serial port. This will make the connection more easily, especially for laptops that are not equipped with a serial or parallel port.

4.Complete Chip Facilities

     Arduino has used the AT Mega 168/328 AVR chip with PWM, ADC, timer, serial communication, interrupt, I2C and SPI capacities. This means, Arduino can be combined with modules and other devices with different protocols.

5.Practical Measures

     Arduino has a very practical size so that it can be easily carried wherever we go. Arduino can be carried with a laptop or put in a pocket.

6.Relatively Easy Programming Language

     Even though the programming language used is C / C ++, but the addition of libraries and various standard functions makes Ardunio easier to learn.

7.Free Library

     A free library is available that will connect Arduino with various sensors, communication modules and actuators. An example is a special library of keyboards, mice, GPS, servo and others. Since Arduino is open source, existing libraries can also be downloaded for free on the official Arduino website.

 8.Easy Application Development

     Developing an electronic application is fairly easy, especially with an easy programming language and a fairly complete basic library. An example is if we want to make a temperature sensor. Simply buy a temperature sensor IC and connect it to Arduino. If the temperature is to be displayed on the LCD, buy an LCD and add it to the library.

9.Open Source Community Supporting Each Other

     The development of Linux, MySQL, PHP and WordPress software is quite rapid because it is an open source software. There is a community of mutual support within it for project development. Same is the case with Arduino where the development of software and hardware is supported by electronics lovers all over the world.

TYPICAL ARDUINO

1. Arduino Uno

    This type is the most widely available on the market and is used. Arduino Uno is especially highly recommended for beginners. Many references specifically discuss Arduino Uno. The latest version of Arduino Uno is R3 (Revised 3) using ATMEGA 328 as a microcontroller. Programming is enough to use a USB connection both type A and type B, as well as a USB printer.

2. Arduino Due

 

      Arduino Due does not use ATMEGA but uses a higher chip, the ARM Cortex CPU. The programming itself will use micro USB found in some headphones.

3. Arduino Mega

        Arduino Mega is a bit like Arduino Uno, especially since both of them use USB A to B type in their programming. However, Arduino Mega has used a somewhat higher chip, the ATMEGA 2560.

4. Arduino Leonardo

     Arduino Leonardo can be said to be the twin brother of Arduino Uno. The number of digital I / O pins is the same, as is the analog input pin. The difference, Arduino Leonardo has used micro USB for programming.

5. Arduino Fio

   
    The shape of the Arduino Fio is somewhat more unique, especially in the socket. The number of digital I / O pins and analog inputs is the same as Arduino Uno and Leonardo, but Arduino Fio has been equipped with Socket Xbee. Xbee itself makes Fio can be used for a variety of wireless projects.

6. Arduino Lilypad

     This Arduino form is also unique because it is circular so it can be used for a variety of unique projects as well. Among them is making Iron Man armor. The old version of Arduino Lilypad uses ATMEGA 168, but it's still quite enough to make cool projects.

7. Arduino Nano

     As the name implies, Arduino Nano has a small size and is very simple but still can store a variety of facilities. Arduino Nano has been equipped with FTDI to do programming via micro USB. Some use ATMEGA 328 or ATMEGA 168.

8. Arduino Mini

      The facilities in the Arduino Mini are the same as the Nano, only they don't have micro USB in programming. The size of the Arduino Mini is only 30 mm x 18 mm.

9. Arduino Mikro

     Micro Arduino size is longer than the Arduino Mini or Arduino Nano. It has more facilities.

10. Arduino Ethernet

 

    As the name implies, Arduino Ethernet has been equipped with internet facilities. This means Arduino can be connected via a LAN network that is on a computer.

11. Arduino Esplora

    Arduino Esplora can be a recommendation for users who want to make a gadget for example a smartphone. This Arduino has been equipped with buttons, joysticks, and others. We just have to add an LCD to beautify Esplora.

12. Arduino Robot

      Arduino Robot is a complete package from Arduino that looks like a robot. This Arduino has been equipped with LCD, wheels, speakers, infrared sensors, and everything needed to make a robot.

 

PART ON BOARD ARDUINO

Based on the Figure above, the parts of the Arduino board will be sorted

1) USB / USB Power Socket

USB Socket / USB Power is used to provide power to the Arduino Board using a USB cable from the computer. Besides being a power port, USB also has functions to:

me. Download the program from the computer into the Arduino board.

ii. Serial communication between the Arduino board and the computer and vice versa.



In older versions of Arduino there is an SV1 connection or jumper to choose the power source to use, whether from an external source or using USB. This connection is no longer needed on the latest Arduino board because the selection of external or USB power sources is done automatically.

2) Power (Barrel Jack)

The Arduino board can also be given a full power plug directly from an AC power source by connecting it to an available Barrel Jack. Maximum voltage that can be given to Arduino is a maximum of 12 volts with a maximum current range of 2A (So that the regulator does not heat).

3) Voltage Regulator

The function of the voltage regulator is to control or reduce the voltage applied to the Arduino board and stabilize the DC voltage used by the processor and other elements.

4) Crystal Oscillator

Crystal (quartz crystal oscillator), if the microcontroller is considered as the brain, the crystal is the heart because this component produces beats sent to the microcontroller so that it can perform operations for each beat. This crystal is selected which beats 16 million times per second (16MHz).

Crystal oscillators help Arduino in time-related matters. How does Arduino count time? The answer is, using a crystal oscillator. The number issued at the top of the crystal 16,000H9H means the frequency of the oscillator is 16,000,000 Hertz or 16 MHz.

5) 5, 17 Reset the Arduino

We can reset the Arduino board, for example starting a program from scratch. There are two ways to reset Arduino Uno. First, using the reset button (17) on the arduino board. Second, by adding an external reset to the Arduino pin labeled RESET (5). Click here to install the program or empty the microcontroller.

6) 3.3V (6) - Supply 3.3 volt output

7) 5V (7) - Supply 5 volt output

Most of the large components used in Arduino boards work well at 3.3 volts and 5 volts.

8) GND (8) (Ground) - There are several GND pins on Arduino, one of which can be used to connect a ground circuit.

9) Vin (9) - This pin can also be used to power the Arduino board from an external power source, such as an AC power source.

10) 10 analog pins

The Arduino Uno board has six analog pin inputs A0 to A5. These pins can read voltages and signals generated by analog sensors such as humidity or temperature sensors and are converted to digital values ​​that can be read by the microprocessor. The program can read the input pin value between 0 - 1023, where it represents a voltage value of 0 - 5V.

11) Main microcontroller

Each Arduino board has a Microcontroller (11). We can think of it as the brain of the Arduino board. The main integrated circuit (IC) on the Arduino is slightly different from one Arduino board to another. The microcontroller that is often used is ATMEL. We need to know what ICs should be released by the Arduino board before starting to program Arduino through the Arduino IDE. Information about IC There is at the top of IC. To find out the construction of ICs, we can look at the data sheets of ICs that are owned.

12) 12 ICSP pins

Accordingly, ICSP (12) is AVR, a small programming header for Arduino that contains MOSI, MISO, SCK, RESET, VCC, and GND. This is often referred to as SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface), which can be used as an "expansion" of output. Actually, we installed the output device to the SPI master bus.

The ICSP In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) port allows users to program the microcontroller directly, without going through the bootloader. Can be used Arduino does not do this so ICSP does not need to be used provided.

13) LED power indicator

This LED must light when connecting the Arduino to a power source. If the LED is not activated, something is wrong with the connection.

14) 14 TX and RX LED

On the Arduino board, we will find the labels: TX (transmit) and RX (accept). TX and RX appear in two places on the Arduino Uni board. First, at digital pins 0 and 1, to indicate the pin responsible for serial communication. Second, TX and RX lead (13). TX led will light with different speed when sending serial data. Blinking speed depends on the baud rate used by the Arduino board.

15)  Digital I/O

The Arduino Uno board has 14 digital I / O pins (15), 6 output pins provide PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). These pins can be configured as digital input pins to read logic values ​​(0 or 1) or as digital output pins to control modules such as LEDs, relays, and others. The pin labeled "~" can be used to generate PWM.

16) AREF

AREF stands for Analog Reference. KADAG AREF is sometimes used to set the external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pin input.

 

    For those who want to know more about Arduino, you can check directly here:

For those who want to start the project, click here

 

    So in conclusion, Arduino is a micro-single-board controller that is open-source, originating from the Wiring platform, and designed to facilitate the use of electronics in various fields. Arduino has 12 types of Arduino, as described above. To support the performance of Arduino, Arduino IDE Software was created that can be installed on your Laprop or PC, whereas if you use a Smartphone you can Install Bluino Loader through Playstore.



So guys this discussion this time, hopefully useful for all of you.

~~ Thank you ~~

Reference references that support:

https://www.watelectronics.com/different-types-arduino-boards-uses/

http://buaya-instrument.com/blog-buaya-instrument/Jenis-jenis-Arduino-yang-wajib-anda-ketahui

 

 

 

 

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